my name bobby nuraya

Jumat, 25 Februari 2011

vocabulary around the house

Home sweet home :)
Okay now I will explain you about definition of house and vocabulary around the house. Let's check this out :)

Definition of house :

as Nouns

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families
the members of a business organization that owns or operates one or more establishments

the members of a religious community living together
the audience gathered together in a theatre or cinema
an official assembly having legislative powers
aristocratic family line

play in which children take the roles of father or mother or children and pretend to interact like adults

(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided

the management of a gambling house or casino
a social unit living together
a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented
a building in which something is sheltered or located

as Verbs

contain or cover
provide housing for

attic | bathroom | bedroom | kitchen | living room

Build Up

Other Rooms

Attic	People store things in the attic.
Ballroom	A room in stately homes where rich people dance and concerts are held.
Box Room	A small room used for storage.
Cellar	Underneath the house.
Cloakroom	A small room where people put their coats.
Conservatory	A greenhouse attached to a house for the display of plants.
Dining Room	A room where people eat (see eating at home).
Drawing Room	A room in stately homes where rich people entertain.
Games Room	A room in large houses where games are played.
Hall	The entrance passage to a house.
Larder	A small room used for the storage of food.
Library	A room where books are kept.
Lounge	Another name for living room.
Music Room	A room where people play music.
Office	A room where people work.
Pantry	A small room used to store kitchen and dining items.
Parlour	Old fashioned word for living room.
Sitting Room	Another name for living room.
Spare Room/ Guest Room	A room where guests sleep.
Toilet	A room where people go to the toilet (often known as WC)
Utility Room	A room where appliances such as washing machines are used.

Things you may find around the house


light bulb(s)	plug(s)	socket(s)	torch(es)

ceiling light(s)	lamp(s)	curtain(s)	lock(s)

key(s)	shelf (shelves)	(tele)phone(s)	box(es)

plug(s)	battery (batteries)	photo(graph)(s)

Naturally Speaking

ceiling | door | floor | wall | window

Dialogue

Here is a conversation between Mrs Smith (Joan) and husband Steve.

It's Saturday and Joan and Steve are decorating.
Joan	Steve, you missed a bit.
Steve	Where?
Joan	Here, on the wall just by the window, you can see a patch of white.
Steve	Oh yes, I see it. It's difficult in this light.
Joan	I know, well at least we have finished this room, only five more to go.
Steve	Are you sure you want to put wallpaper up in the lounge?
Joan	Yes, but don't worry, I'm really good at wallpapering. I just wish that John would decide on what he wants his room doing in.
Steve	I know, it's difficult when you're a boy. At least he's grown out of Star Wars, I keep thinking he'll ask for red and black or something equally gruesome.
Joan	Yes, but it is his room. I'm glad we decided not to move though. Maybe we should think about building an extension to the kitchen instead.
Steve	One thing at a time please! Lets get this decorating over and done with first.
Joan	Ha! Oh by the way you missed a bit by the door too!
Steve	Hmmm, thanks. Here's a brush.

An invitation letter serves the purpose of inviting a guest to a party, an event or a celebration while conveying more information than a traditional invitations card. It serves two purposes; one, to invite the individual to the event and two, to ensure that the person receiving the letter is going to attend.

There are two tenses used within the invitation letter, the present and the future. The present tense conveys information about the event and the future tense ensures the guest is going to attend.

Here's How:
1. Names of party hosts or sponsoring organization.
2. Type of event (birthday party, business networking meeting, etc.).
3. Place.
4. Date.
5. Time.
6. RSVP date and phone number.
7. Any special dress requirements from black-tie to bathing suits.
8. Rain date (if any).
9. Be specific about who is invited, whether address only, with guest, or with spouse and children.

Tips:
1. Always send written invitations for formal events such as business gatherings, formal dinners, and special occasions like showers, weddings or events honoring someone.
2. If guests are not from your local area, include a map to location of event.
3. Send anywhere from 8 - 2 weeks in advance depending on formality of occasion. Weddings require the longest lead-time; casual dinners and brunches require the least.
4. Offerins invitation
->Would you like to come to the restaurant this evening?
->Will you join us?
->Would you care to have dinner with us tonight?
->Could you come to a party at my place tomorrow?
->I wander whether you would care to come on a picnic with us next week?
5. Accepting invitation
->Yes,I’d love very much.
->Thank you.
->Yes,with pleasure.
6. Reffusing
->If you don’t mind,i’d rather not.
->Thank you,i’m busy,may be next time.
->I have got another appointment.
->I’m sorry.
->I’ve lost to work to do.

EXAMPLE :
Invitation Verbal
Example:
We want to invite you to come to our house
Can you come to my restaurant?
Are you free tonight?
Accepting (menerima)
I like that
That sounds good
Thank you for inviting

Refusing(menolak)
I like that but I can’t
I’m very sorry for not able to come
Sorry, I’m very busy

Direct & indirect speech

DIRECT SPEECH
Direct speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech)

Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.

For example:
She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."
or
"Today's lesson is on presentations," she said.

INDIRECT SPEECH
indirect speech reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use question mark to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word. Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech
For example:
Direct speech :"I'm going to the cinema", he said.
Indirect speech : He said he was going to the cinema.

TENSE CHANGE
• When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.
• Note : the reporting verbs that are usually used to report imperative sentence are :Tell , other command , ask , warn , remind

Present simple
Past tense
direct : Vita said “ I eat fried rice”

indirect :Vita said that she ate fried rice.

Past simple

Past perfect

direct : Mother said “ I went to market yesterday”

indirect : Mother said (that) she had gone to market the day before.

Future simple

Past future

direct : Dave said “ I will buy an i-pod next week’

indirect : Dave said (that) he would buy an i-pod the week after

Present continuous

Past continuous

direct : Gama said “ I’m playing football”

indirect : Gama said he was playing football

Past continuous

Past perfect continuous

direct : She said “ I was teaching earlier”

indirect : She said she had been teaching earlier

when we want to report what someone said , wedon’t usually repeat their exact words , we use our words , we can use reporting words
such as tell say as follow by “that clause”

example :
my mother said that she got up at 4 o’clock
In time expression and pronouns

preposition in, on, at

Time Prepositions In - On - At
Time prepositions are used to clarity what time an event happened or will happen. Time prepositions are used nouns and pronouns. Prepositions usually come before nouns or pronouns. Prepositions never come before a verb.

We use at to designate specific times.The train is due at 12:15 p.m.

We use on to designate days and dates.
My brother is coming on Monday.
We're having a party on the Fourth of July.

We use in for nonspecific times during a day, a month, a season, or a year.
She likes to jog in the morning.
It's too cold in winter to run outside.
He started the job in 1971.
He's going to quit in August.

IMPORTANT: In English we say:

in the morning -because it is considered a period of time
in the afternoon
in the evening
at night -

Note: We say in the morning, in the afternoon, or in the evening BUT we say 'at night'

Example
Tyler : When is the wedding?
Ally : It’s in June.
Tyler : What day?
Ally : It’s on Saturday, the 25th.
Tyler : What time?
Ally : It starts at 6:00.

Place Prepositions In - At - On
What are place prepositions?
Place prepositions , are prepositions that are used to describe the place or position of all types of nouns. It is common for the preposition to be placed before the noun. When we refer to Place prepositions we usually refer to "in", "at" and "on".

We use at for specific addresses.
Grammar English lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham.

We use on to designate names of streets, avenues, etc.
Her house is on Boretz Road.

And we use in for the names of land-areas (towns, counties, states, countries, and continents).
She lives in Durham.
Durham is in Windham County.
Windham County is in Connecticut.

IMPORTANT: In English we say:

on the island
in the city/country side
in the mountains - except when you mean that something or someone is physically on the mountain.
at the office

Example
Grandy: Where’s your office?
Khanding : In Taipei, Taiwan.
Grandy: Really? What part of Taipei?
Khanding : It’s on Chung Shan North Road.
Grandy: I know that area. Where exactly is it?
Khanding : It’s at 105 Chung Shan North Road, next to the bookstore.

Sample sentences
• I met my wife at the theater. (while watching a movie)
• I spilled my drink in the theater (on the floor of the building)
• She works at the library on Wednesdays.
• She found a rare coin in the library (building).
• Dr. Jones works at the hospital every day.
• John was in the hospital for a week with a broken leg.

noun phrases

Noun phrases? hmm, what's that?

I think we must start it from the base. Okay first we will begin from noun then phrases to know what it is noun phrases

What is Noun?
noun is a word that names a person, animal, place, thing, idea, or concept, or anything considered as noun
Remember that...
There are more nouns in the English Language than any other kind of words
.

see the Noun examples
• Persons: girl, boy, instructor, student, Mr. Smith, Peter, president
• Animals: dog, cat, shark, hamster, fish, bear, flea
• Places: gym, store, school, Lake Minnetonka, Minnesota, village, Europe
• Things: computer, pen, notebook, mailbox, bush, tree, cornflakes
• Ideas: liberty, panic, attention, knowledge, compassion, worship

The Functions of Nouns in Sentences
1.Subject of the sentence
2.Predicate Noun (also Predicate Nominative or Subjective Complement)
3. Appositive (noun in apposition)
4. Direct object of a verb
5. Indirect object of a verb
6. Object of the preposition
7. Object Complement (Objective Complement)

Gerunds can also be classified as noun
For example:
I like swimming
The word ‘swimming’ is a gerund

Phrases
• A phrase is a group of related words that lacks both a subject and a predicate. Because it lacks a subject and a predicate it cannot act as a sentence.

So, we can conclude that Noun phrases is
• A noun phrase consists of a pronoun or noun with any associated modifiers, including adjectives, adjective phrases, and other nouns in the possessive case.
• Like a noun, a noun phrase can act as a subject, as the object of a verb or verbal, as a subject or object complement, or as the object of a preposition, as in the following ...

examples:
• subject
Small children often insist that they can do it by themselves.
More examples:
• object of a verb
They have found Eugene's goal.
• object of a preposition
The arctic explorers were caught unawares by the spring break up.
• subject complement
Frankenstein is the name of the scientist not the monster.
• object complement
I consider Loki my favourite cat.

finite verb

Definition of finite verb :
a verb that has a subject, this means that it can be the main verbs in a sentences. It shows tense (past/present, etc) or number (singular/plural), A finite verb makes an assertion or expresses a state of being and can stand by itself as the main verb of a sentence.

Example of finite verb :

I cook, she reads, Anto went

Dina has eaten when Ria come in, By itself, the verb form eaten is called a non-finite verb When the auxiliary has and the non-finite verb eaten are put together, they make up a finite verb form has eaten.

Tamara was walking. Walking is non-finite and was is to be. When they are put together, they make up finite form was walking

Definition of non-finite verb :
a verb has no subject, tense, or number. The only finite verb forms are the infinitive (indicated by to), the gerund or the participle (present/past), nonfinite verbs must ordinarily combine with a modal , an auxiliary verb, or the infinitival particle to.

Example of nonfinite verb

Verbs ending in -ing. These are called present participles, they were cooking in Sinta’s house.
This non-finite verb form end in -ed; many also end in en. These are called past participles. I have written my letter ( the past participle written is non-finite and can’t be the main verb).
Talking is the children’s favorite pastime. ( talking is a gerund, verb to be noun)
I can’t afford to go out tonight

The infinitive can have the following forms:

The perfect infinitive

to have + past participle

For example: to have broken, to have seen, to have saved.
This form is most commonly found in Type 3 conditional sentences, using the conditional perfect.

For example:

If I had known you were coming I would have baked a cake.
Someone must have broken the window and climbed in.
I would like to have seen the Taj Mahal when I was in India.
He pretended to have seen the film.
If I'd seen the ball I would have caught it.

asking if someone remembers or not

Asking if someone remembers or not

Formal expressions

I wonder if you remember ….
You remember ...., don’t you?
You haven’t forgotten ...., have you?
Don’t you remember ....?
Do you happen to remember it now?

Ways to respond

Let me think, yes, I remember.
I remember especially the scenery.
I’ll never forget that.
I’ll always remember.
I can remember it clearly.

Informal expressions

Remember the old house we used to live in?
Remember that?
I’m sorry, I don’t remember.